Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a significant advancement in therapeutic medicine, evolving into vital tools for combating a variety of diseases, particularly cancer and infectious conditions such as COVID-19. Initially conceived in the late 20th century for cancer treatment, these engineered proteins have since diversified in application, demonstrating their critical role in modern therapeutic strategies. At
Cancer
Pancreatic cancer, one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, is categorized into four distinct stages. Stage 2 pancreatic cancer is a critical phase that is subdivided into two main classifications: Stage 2A and Stage 2B. These stages represent locally advanced forms of the disease. In Stage 2A, the tumor size exceeds four centimeters but
Breast cancer is a daunting diagnosis that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The journey doesn’t merely end with treatment; instead, this milestone ushers in a new phase of vigilance through follow-up care. Typically, individuals diagnosed with breast cancer will engage in regular follow-up appointments for five years post-treatment, which then transition to annual check-ups. This
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy that primarily impacts the body’s plasma cells—critical components of the immune system responsible for antibody production. While much research has focused on identifying and categorizing the different types of MM, several related plasma cell disorders also exist that can complicate diagnosis and treatment. This article aims to
Erbitux, known generically as cetuximab, is a targeted therapy primarily used in the treatment of specific adult cancers, particularly those associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). As an integral part of oncology, it is crucial to understand how this drug works, how it is administered, and the various considerations that patients must take
Salivary gland surgery is a procedure performed to address various medical issues related to the salivary glands, which are crucial for daily functions like speaking, swallowing, and digestion. This surgery primarily targets tumors but is also employed to treat infections and other inflammatory conditions that may affect these glands. In this article, we will explore
Estrogen-dependent cancers are a significant subset of malignancies that are profoundly influenced by the hormone estrogen. Familiarity with these conditions is crucial, as they encompass various cancers such as certain breast cancers, endometrial (uterine) cancers, and some ovarian cancers. In this article, we will explore the nature of these cancers, treatment modalities available, and their
The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and other bodily functions. When issues arise within this important gland, medical intervention may become necessary. One such intervention is the thyroid lobectomy, a surgical procedure aimed at treating a variety of thyroid-related conditions. This article delves into the reasons for undergoing a thyroid lobectomy,
Leukemia is a form of cancer that impacts the blood and bone marrow, with two predominant forms—Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite their common origin in the myeloid immune system, these cancers exhibit distinct characteristics, etiology, and treatment approaches, making it crucial to understand their differences. In this article, we will
Lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, presents a myriad of treatment options tailored to individual conditions and disease progressions. As the landscape of lymphoma treatment evolves, a thorough understanding of available therapies can be empowering for patients navigating this complex arena. This article examines the various treatment modalities, their implications, and