Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the membrane lining the abdomen and its organs. It is the second most common type of mesothelioma, and it involves the peritoneum, which surrounds organs such as the intestines and liver. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma can be challenging to identify since they are often similar to those of many other types of cancer. Getting an early diagnosis is crucial, but it can be difficult due to the aggressive nature of the disease.
Asbestos exposure is the most common risk factor for peritoneal mesothelioma, accounting for about a third of cases. People who work in industries such as construction, electrical work, roofing, plumbing, or the automotive industry are at a higher risk due to occupational asbestos exposure. Exposure to radiation or certain minerals, as well as genetic factors, may also contribute to the development of peritoneal mesothelioma. However, individuals can develop this cancer even without being exposed to asbestos.
Diagnosing peritoneal mesothelioma can be challenging, especially in its early stages when it does not produce noticeable symptoms. Typically, doctors perform a series of tests to diagnose the disease, such as imaging scans, biopsies, and blood tests. The median age at the time of diagnosis is 63.3 years, but the cancer usually occurs in individuals between the ages of 40 to 50 who have had asbestos exposure. Doctors use a cancer staging system called the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) to determine the extent of cancer spread. The PCI divides the abdomen into 13 sections and assigns a score based on the presence of cancer in each area, with stage 1 being the least advanced and stage 4 being the most advanced.
Currently, there is no cure for peritoneal mesothelioma, but treatment options aim to improve a person’s quality of life. The primary treatment for peritoneal mesothelioma is cytoreduction with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This involves surgery to remove tumors followed by heated chemotherapy directly applied to the abdomen to kill remaining cancer cells. Doctors may also perform a peritonectomy or remove other affected organs during the procedure. Other treatment options include systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy for genetic mutations, and radiation therapy to manage symptoms and improve life expectancy.
The 5-year survival rate for peritoneal mesothelioma is approximately 30%, but it can vary depending on factors such as age at diagnosis, overall health, and advancements in cancer treatments. While peritoneal mesothelioma remains a challenging cancer to treat, receiving appropriate care and early diagnosis can improve outcomes for individuals affected by this disease. Research and advancements in treatment options continue to offer hope for those diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma.
Peritoneal mesothelioma presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its aggressive nature and similarities with other types of cancer. Improved awareness, early detection, and access to specialized care are essential in managing this rare and deadly disease. Continuing research and advancements in treatment options offer hope for individuals affected by peritoneal mesothelioma, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive care and support for those facing this diagnosis.