Cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) is a rare form of kidney cancer that is associated with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). ACKD develops in individuals who have been undergoing treatment for kidney failure for an extended period of time. The presence of cysts in the kidneys is a distinguishing feature of CRCC, which sets it apart from other types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Typically, individuals with CRCC do not exhibit any noticeable symptoms, a condition referred to as asymptomatic CRCC. However, some common symptoms may include blood in the urine, kidney pain in the abdominal area, and the presence of an abdominal mass or lump. Healthcare professionals utilize imaging scans such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI scans, as well as biopsies, to diagnose CRCC and distinguish it from benign renal cysts.
In addition to CRCC, there are various other types of renal cell carcinoma, including clear cell RCC, non-clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, unclassified RCC, and other rare subtypes. Each type has distinct characteristics that differentiate them from one another, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment and Prognosis
The primary treatment for CRCC involves surgery, specifically nephrectomy, where part or all of the affected kidney is removed. Surgeons aim to preserve kidney function as much as possible through nephron-sparing surgery. Due to the rarity of CRCC cases, there is limited data on survival rates, but a successful nephrectomy generally leads to a positive outlook for individuals with CRCC. Follow-up checks every 6 months for 3 years and annual checks thereafter may be recommended for post-treatment monitoring.
Risk Factors and Outlook for CRCC
The development of CRCC is closely linked to ACKD, which often arises in individuals undergoing long-term dialysis for kidney failure. The main risk factors for kidney failure, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and Fabry disease, can also contribute to the development of CRCC. While there are no specific guidelines for follow-up care after treating CRCC, regular monitoring by healthcare professionals is crucial for early detection of any potential recurrence.
Cystic renal cell carcinoma is a unique subtype of kidney cancer that requires specialized diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for CRCC is essential for healthcare professionals to provide optimal care for individuals affected by this rare form of renal cell carcinoma.