Non-seminoma is a type of germ-cell testicular cancer that develops from germ cells responsible for sperm production. These tumors are more common in males in their mid-30s and are characterized by their subtypes.
There are several subtypes of non-seminoma testicular cancer, each with distinct characteristics: Embryonal carcinoma, Yolk sac carcinoma, Choriocarcinoma, and Teratoma. These subtypes have varying degrees of aggressiveness and responsiveness to treatment.
Symptoms of non-seminoma testicular cancer may include painless lumps or swelling in the testicles, dull pain in the testicles or scrotum, and infertility. Various factors such as exposure to estrogen, certain pesticides, occupations like aircraft maintenance, and family history may increase the risk of developing testicular cancer.
Healthcare professionals use different methods to diagnose non-seminoma testicular cancer, including physical examinations, blood tests for tumor markers, ultrasound of the testicles, and CT scans with contrast dye to determine the extent of cancer spread.
Surgery to remove the cancerous testicle, known as radical inguinal orchiectomy, is the primary treatment for most types of testicular cancer. People with non-seminomas may also undergo retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and chemotherapy to prevent cancer spread and achieve a high cure rate.
Chemotherapy treatment for non-seminoma testicular cancer may reduce fertility by around 30%. People may experience azoospermia for at least 2-3 years after chemotherapy. Factors like tumor marker levels and cancer spread significantly impact the outlook, with a 5-year progression-free survival rate of 89% and overall survival rate of 92%.
Non-seminomas and seminomas are both types of germ cell tumors, with seminomas typically having better treatment response and more positive outcomes than non-seminomas. Factors such as tumor marker levels and tumor aggressiveness play a crucial role in determining the prognosis.
Non-seminoma testicular cancer is a complex disease that requires early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Understanding the subtypes, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and impact on fertility is essential for individuals diagnosed with this condition. With advancements in medical research and treatment modalities, the outlook for non-seminoma testicular cancer continues to improve, offering hope and optimism for those affected by this disease.