Testicular cancer is a condition that affects the testicles, which play a crucial role in sperm production and the hormone testosterone. Consequently, both the cancer itself and its treatments can have a significant impact on a person’s fertility. People with testicular cancer may experience a decrease in sexual ability, fertility, and sperm production. The various treatment options, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, lymph node removal, and testicle removal, can affect the reproductive organs and glands involved in fertility.
Radiation therapy, commonly used to treat testicular cancer, can reduce sperm count and testosterone levels. The treatment targets and destroys sperm cells and stem cells responsible for sperm production. Similarly, chemotherapy drugs, especially alkylating agents, can damage sperm and the cells that create sperm. Lymph node removal surgeries may impact nearby nerves and structures involved in releasing and ejaculating semen, potentially leading to retrograde ejaculation or anejaculation. In cases where both testicles are removed, a person may become infertile and experience a decrease in sexual desire due to reduced testosterone levels.
Testicular cancer can have various effects on a person’s sexual activity, ranging from physical to emotional difficulties. These effects can be a result of the cancer itself or the treatments undergone. Issues such as retrograde ejaculation, anejaculation, reduced sex drive, and erectile dysfunction may arise. It is essential for individuals to discuss any concerns about sexual and reproductive health with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
To preserve fertility after a testicular cancer diagnosis, individuals may consider storing sperm at a sperm bank before beginning treatment. This option allows for the preservation of sperm samples for future use in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Storing sperm provides the opportunity for those who may become infertile due to treatment to have biological children later on. Additionally, individuals with testicular cancer in one testicle can often rely on the remaining testicle for testosterone production. In cases where both testicles are removed, testosterone replacement therapy may be necessary to maintain overall health.
Following treatment for testicular cancer, it is recommended to wait between 6 months and 2 years before attempting to have children. Many concerns about infertility post-treatment typically resolve within this time frame. Doctors may advise using birth control during and after treatment to prevent potential risks of congenital abnormalities in offspring. While the risk of congenital abnormalities is relatively low, individuals with concerns about this issue can consult with their healthcare provider for further information.
Testicular cancer and its treatments can have a profound effect on fertility and sexual health. It is crucial for individuals diagnosed with testicular cancer to discuss potential fertility preservation options with their healthcare team. Storing sperm samples before treatment and following recommended guidelines for post-treatment fertility are essential steps to consider. By addressing concerns and maintaining open communication with their healthcare providers, individuals can better navigate the impact of testicular cancer on fertility and overall sexual health.