Fusiform aneurysms are a type of aneurysm that causes the artery to bulge or balloon on all sides, unlike saccular aneurysms which only cause a bulge on one side of the artery. This difference in shape makes fusiform aneurysms less common and potentially more challenging to treat. Unlike saccular aneurysms, a fusiform aneurysm does not have a clearly defined “neck” that doctors can use to seal off from the main artery, making treatment more complex and risky.
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of a fusiform aneurysm. Atherosclerosis, arterial dissection, disorders of collagen, and infections are all common causes of this type of aneurysm. Atherosclerosis occurs when plaque buildup narrows the arteries, while arterial dissection involves a tear in the artery wall. Disorders affecting collagen, such as Marfan syndrome, can weaken arterial walls, as can infections that impact the arteries.
While aneurysms do not always cause symptoms, fusiform aneurysms are more likely to be symptomatic than saccular ones. When located in the brain, fusiform aneurysms can lead to symptoms such as severe headaches, neck stiffness, vision changes, weakness, confusion, or even loss of consciousness. If a fusiform aneurysm ruptures, it can cause life-threatening complications such as bleeding in the brain, permanent damage, or death.
Diagnosing a fusiform aneurysm typically involves a combination of medical history assessments and imaging scans, such as MRI, CT, or cerebral angiography. The treatment options for fusiform aneurysms are more complex than those for saccular aneurysms, often requiring advanced surgical techniques. While neurosurgical clipping and endovascular coiling are common approaches, doctors may also use flow diversion devices, stent-assisted coiling, or bypass procedures to manage the aneurysm.
One of the main risks associated with fusiform aneurysms is the potential for rebleeding, which can occur before the initial rupture has been treated, leading to further damage or even death. Preventive measures, such as lifestyle changes (e.g., weight management, smoking cessation) and blood pressure medication, can help reduce the risk of rupture. In cases where preventive treatment is deemed necessary, surgical interventions are often recommended.
It is crucial for individuals experiencing symptoms of a fusiform aneurysm to seek medical attention promptly. Active monitoring and preventive treatment can significantly lower the risk of complications and rupture. In the event of a ruptured aneurysm, emergency medical treatment is essential to prevent severe consequences such as brain damage or death. Awareness of the symptoms and risks associated with fusiform aneurysms is key to timely intervention and improved outcomes.