Childhood breast cancer is an extremely rare occurrence, but it is important to be aware that children can still develop this condition. While most breast lumps in children are benign, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if any changes in a child’s breasts occur. These changes may include a lump, thickening, pain, discharge, or skin alterations.
The signs and symptoms of breast cancer in children may include the development of a lump or thickening in or near the breast, changes in the breast’s size or shape, puckering on the breast skin, an inverted nipple, nipple discharge (including blood), and scaly, swollen, or discolored skin on the nipple, areola, or breast. It is essential to contact a doctor if any new lumps or growths are noticed in a child’s chest or if symptoms of childhood breast cancer develop.
It is noteworthy that breast cancer in children is rare and can develop when cancer cells have spread from another part of the body. Other potential risk factors that may increase the risk of childhood breast cancer include previous chest or breast radiation treatment for another cancer, a family history of breast cancer, especially in parents or siblings, inherited genetic changes to the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, and other genetic mutations with links to breast cancer.
To diagnose breast cancer in children, a doctor will gather information about the child’s medical history and conduct a thorough physical examination. If the symptoms suggest a cancerous condition, imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be ordered. Additionally, a biopsy may be performed by collecting a sample of liquid or tissue from the lump in the chest for laboratory testing to determine the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment for childhood breast cancer varies depending on the specific tumor type. Benign fibroadenomas, the most common breast lumps in children, may require no treatment and disappear independently. On the other hand, malignant breast cancer in children needs comprehensive treatment from a pediatric oncology team. Treatment plans typically involve a combination of surgeries to remove the tumor and radiation therapy to kill cancer cells.
Outlook and Support
The outlook for children with breast cancer is generally positive, especially with early detection and appropriate treatment. Approximately 87 in 100 children with breast cancer survive, and survival rates have improved significantly over the years. While childhood cancers are relatively rare and do not typically undergo routine screenings, children with a family history of cancer or specific genetic mutations may require closer monitoring.
Many charities and nonprofit organizations offer support and resources to children with cancer and their loved ones. It is essential to understand that breast cancer in children, while rare, is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment for the best possible outcome. Regular monitoring and early intervention can greatly improve the prognosis for children with breast cancer.